Different Species Of Guppies – A Complete Guide To Every Variety For
You’ve likely seen them in almost every local fish store—the flashes of neon, the flowing tails, and the energetic swimming patterns that make them an absolute joy to watch. Guppies are often the very first fish we bring home, and for good reason!
Whether you are a seasoned aquarist or just starting your first five-gallon tank, you’ve probably noticed that not all guppies look the same. In fact, the world of different species of guppies is surprisingly deep, ranging from tiny wild variants to massive, flowing show specimens.
In this guide, I’m going to walk you through the fascinating diversity of these livebearers. We will cover the scientific classifications, the stunning array of tail shapes, and the intricate color patterns that make this hobby so addictive. By the end, you’ll know exactly which variety is the perfect fit for your home aquarium.
Understanding the different species of guppies: Taxonomy Explained
When most hobbyists talk about guppies, they are usually referring to the “Fancy Guppy.” However, from a biological standpoint, there are actually three distinct different species of guppies that are commonly recognized in the aquarium trade.
Understanding these distinctions is vital because it affects how they look, how they behave, and even how they breed. Let’s break down the “Big Three” that you will encounter in the hobby.
1. Poecilia reticulata (The Common or Fancy Guppy)
This is the species that started it all. Originally from South America and the Caribbean, Poecilia reticulata is the most widespread variety. Over decades of selective breeding, this species has been transformed into the “Fancy Guppy” we see today.
These fish are known for their massive, colorful fins and varied body patterns. If you see a fish with a tail twice the size of its body, you are looking at a P. reticulata variant. They are generally peaceful and very easy to care for, making them a staple for beginners.
2. Poecilia wingei (The Endler’s Livebearer)
Often just called “Endlers,” these were once thought to be the same as common guppies but were later classified as their own species. They are typically smaller, sleeker, and much more intensely colored with “metallic” or “neon” hues.
Endlers are incredibly hardy and active. They have a slightly different body shape—more streamlined—and their colors are usually arranged in distinct blocks or bars rather than the speckled patterns of common guppies. They can interbreed with P. reticulata, creating hybrid guppies.
3. Poecilia obscura (The Oropuche Guppy)
This is the “newest” addition to the scientific family, identified relatively recently in Trinidad. While you won’t find these in your average pet store, they are a point of fascination for specialist breeders and collectors.
They look very similar to the wild-type common guppy but possess subtle genetic differences. They serve as a reminder that even in a hobby as old as fish keeping, there is always something new to discover about the different species of guppies found in nature.
Classification by Tail Shape: A Visual Feast
For most of us, the most exciting part of choosing a guppy is the tail. Breeders have spent years refining these shapes. The tail shape often dictates how the fish swims and how much maintenance the aquarium might need (as long fins can be delicate).
Let’s look at the most popular tail variations you’ll find across the different species of guppies available today.
The Delta and Fan Tails
The Delta Tail is perhaps the most iconic “Fancy Guppy” look. It features a triangular tail that spreads out at a 45-degree to 75-degree angle. It is symmetrical and creates a beautiful “sail” effect as the fish moves.
The Fan Tail is similar but even wider, often reaching a nearly 90-degree angle. These fish are breathtaking, but keep in mind that their large fins can make them slower swimmers. Avoid keeping them with “nippy” tank mates like Tiger Barbs!
The Veil and Scarf Tails
If you love elegance, the Veil Tail is for you. These tails are long and rectangular, flowing behind the fish like a piece of silk. They don’t have the sharp angles of the Delta tail, giving them a softer, more graceful appearance.
The Scarf Tail (or Flag Tail) is a variation where the tail is long and narrow, resembling a flag waving in the wind. These are less common but highly sought after by collectors who want something unique.
The Double Sword and Lyre Tails
These varieties move away from the “solid” tail look. The Double Swordtail features two long extensions of the tail fin—one at the top and one at the bottom—with a clear or shorter space in the middle. It gives the fish a very aggressive, sleek look.
The Lyretail is a more refined version of this, where the extensions curve outward slightly, resembling a lyre instrument. These fish are usually very fast and active because they don’t have the “drag” of a massive fan tail.
Unique Shapes: Pin, Round, and Spade
Not every guppy needs a massive tail to be beautiful. Round Tail guppies have a circular fin that is very hardy and less prone to tearing. Spade Tails look like a pointed shovel, while Pin Tails have a long, needle-like extension from the center of a round tail.
Patterns and Colors: Decorating Your Tank with Living Jewels
Once you’ve picked a tail shape, the next step is the color and pattern. This is where the different species of guppies truly shine. The combinations are nearly infinite, but breeders categorize them into a few “strains.”
Pro Tip: When buying guppies, look for “True Breeding” strains if you want the offspring to look like the parents. If you mix different patterns, you’ll get a “Mutt Guppy,” which can be equally beautiful and often much hardier!
The Snakeskin and Cobra Patterns
The Snakeskin pattern consists of a fine, chain-like lace pattern across the body of the fish. It looks incredibly detailed and often has a metallic sheen. If the pattern is broken up into larger, vertical “rosettes,” it is often called a Cobra pattern.
These patterns are usually found on the body, while the tail might be a solid color or a matching lace pattern. They are favorites for those who appreciate the intricate details of aquatic life.
The Tuxedo and Half-Black Strains
The Tuxedo Guppy is a classic. The front half of the body is one color (usually silver or gold), and the back half (from the dorsal fin to the tail) is a solid, dark color—usually black or deep blue. This gives the fish the appearance of wearing a formal suit.
These are striking in a planted tank because the dark contrast makes the green of the plants and the bright colors of the tail pop. A Red Tuxedo Guppy is a personal favorite of mine for adding instant “wow” factor.
Mosaic and Grass Patterns
If you prefer a “busy” look, the Mosaic pattern is perfect. It features large, irregular spots on the tail that connect to form a pattern similar to stained glass. The Grass pattern is similar but uses much finer, smaller dots, looking like tiny seeds scattered across the fin.
Solid Colors: The Albinos and Neons
Sometimes, simplicity is best. Solid-colored guppies, like the Full Red or Solid Blue, are bred for the intensity and purity of their color. Albino Guppies are particularly unique, featuring red eyes and a lack of black pigment, often resulting in stunning white, cream, or pastel pink bodies.
Setting Up the Perfect Home for Various Guppy Types
While there are many different species of guppies, their basic care requirements are relatively similar. However, there are a few “expert secrets” that can help your specific variety thrive.
Water Parameters: The “Liquid Rock” Preference
Guppies generally prefer harder water with a higher pH. If your tap water is soft, you might want to add some crushed coral or seashells to your filter. Aim for a pH between 7.0 and 8.5. They are very adaptable, but they truly thrive when the water has some mineral content.
Temperature Matters
Keep your tank between 74°F and 82°F (23°C to 28°C). If you are keeping Poecilia wingei (Endlers), they can actually handle slightly warmer temperatures than the common fancy guppy. A stable temperature is more important than a specific number, so a reliable heater is a must.
Plants and Hiding Spots
Regardless of the species, guppies love plants. Floating plants like Water Sprite or Amazon Frogbit are excellent because they provide cover for fry (baby fish) and help clean the water. Guppies are active surface swimmers, so giving them some “cover” from above makes them feel much more secure.
The Ethics and Joy of Breeding Different Guppies
If you put a male and a female guppy in the same tank, you will have babies. It’s almost a guarantee! This is one of the most rewarding parts of the hobby, but it comes with responsibility.
Because there are so many different species of guppies, you have to decide if you want to keep the lines “pure.” If you keep Endlers and Fancy Guppies together, they will cross-breed. The resulting hybrids are often called “Endler-Guppy Hybrids.”
While these hybrids are often very healthy and colorful, some purists prefer to keep the species separate to preserve the specific traits of the Endler or the Fancy strain. If you plan on selling your fish back to a local store, they will usually appreciate knowing exactly what strain you are providing.
Managing the Population:
To prevent your tank from becoming overcrowded, a good rule of thumb is to keep two to three females for every one male. This prevents the males from harassing a single female to the point of stress. Alternatively, many hobbyists keep “male-only” tanks to enjoy the bright colors without the explosion of babies.
Common Challenges and Health Tips
Even though they are hardy, the different species of guppies can face some health hurdles. Highly bred “Fancy” varieties can sometimes have weaker immune systems than their wild-type cousins.
- Fin Rot: Large-tailed varieties are prone to fin rot if water quality slips. Keep up with your 25% weekly water changes!
- Internal Parasites: If you notice your guppy is getting very thin despite eating, they may have parasites. Using a medicated flake food can help.
- Genetic Weakness: Sometimes, very “extreme” breeds (like some albinos) are more sensitive to light or water fluctuations. Start with a hardy strain like a Cobra or Tuxedo if you are a beginner.
Frequently Asked Questions about Guppy Species
Can all different species of guppies live together?
Yes! Most Poecilia species can coexist peacefully in the same aquarium. Just be aware that they will likely interbreed. They are all peaceful community fish, though males may occasionally spar (harmlessly) for the attention of females.
What is the rarest guppy species?
While Poecilia obscura is rare in the hobby, the “rarest” fancy varieties are usually high-end show strains like the Purple Moscow or the Albino Full Platinum. These require very specific breeding to maintain their color and are often sold by specialized breeders rather than pet stores.
How long do the different species of guppies live?
On average, a guppy lives between 2 and 3 years. Factors like water temperature and diet play a huge role. Keeping them at the higher end of their temperature range can speed up their metabolism, which might slightly shorten their lifespan but leads to more active behavior.
Do guppies need a heater?
In most homes, yes. While they can survive in cooler water for short periods, they are tropical fish. A heater ensures the water doesn’t drop too low at night, which prevents stress and diseases like Ich (White Spot Disease).
Conclusion: Finding Your Perfect Guppy
The world of different species of guppies is a vibrant, ever-changing landscape that offers something for every level of fish keeper. From the sleek, neon intensity of the Endler’s Livebearer to the majestic, flowing fins of a Delta Tail Fancy Guppy, the variety is truly staggering.
Remember that the “best” guppy is the one that brings you the most joy and fits your tank’s ecosystem. Whether you choose to dive into the world of professional breeding or simply want a splash of color in your living room, these fish are sure to reward you with their personality and beauty.
Ready to start your guppy journey? My best advice is to start with a small group of three to five fish, provide plenty of live plants, and watch as your aquarium transforms into a thriving, colorful underwater world. Happy fish keeping!
