Arowana Fish Variety – Your Ultimate Guide To Choosing And Caring

Written ByHoward Parker

Hey there, fellow aquarist! Have you ever stood mesmerized in front of an aquarium, gazing at those magnificent, ancient-looking fish, shimmering like living jewels? Chances are, you were captivated by an arowana. These “dragon fish” are truly spectacular, bringing an unparalleled presence to any large aquarium. However, choosing the right arowana fish variety and ensuring its well-being can feel a bit daunting, especially with so many types and specific care needs.

Don’t worry, you’re not alone in feeling that way. Many enthusiasts share the same questions about these impressive creatures. That’s why I’m here to promise you a clear, comprehensive guide that will demystify the world of arowanas. This article will walk you through everything you need to know, from selecting the perfect species for your setup to mastering the ins and outs of their care.

In the coming sections, we’ll dive deep into the diverse range of arowana varieties, explore essential setup and feeding strategies, tackle common challenges, and even discuss sustainable practices. By the end, you’ll have all the arowana fish variety tips you need to confidently welcome one of these majestic fish into your home and watch it thrive. Let’s get started on your journey to becoming an arowana expert!

Discovering the World of Arowana Fish Variety

Arowanas are among the most sought-after freshwater fish in the hobby, revered for their stunning appearance, powerful swimming, and often interactive personalities. But the term “arowana” actually covers a fascinating group of fish from different continents, each with its own unique charm and requirements. Understanding these distinctions is the first step in mastering how to arowana fish variety successfully.

Let’s explore the primary groups and popular species you’re likely to encounter, giving you a solid foundation for your choice.

Asian Arowanas: The Crown Jewels of the Aquarium

Asian Arowanas (Scleropages formosus and related species) are perhaps the most famous and highly prized. They are native to Southeast Asia and are protected under CITES Appendix I, meaning their international trade is strictly regulated. Always ensure you purchase captive-bred Asian arowanas with proper certification.

Red Arowana (Scleropages formosus)

Often considered the pinnacle of arowana keeping, the Red Arowana is renowned for its vibrant, fiery hues that develop with age. Varieties like the Super Red, Chili Red, and Blood Red are truly breathtaking.

These fish can grow up to 3 feet long. They demand impeccable water quality and a spacious, well-maintained environment to reach their full potential. Their diet should be rich in color-enhancing foods.

Gold Arowana (Scleropages formosus)

Gold Arowanas are equally stunning, celebrated for their iridescent gold scales that can shimmer across their entire body. Key varieties include the Crossback Gold (Malaysian Gold), which has scales that “cross” over its back, and the High-Back Gold, where the gold coloration extends high up the body but doesn’t fully cross.

They share similar care needs with their red counterparts, requiring large tanks (300+ gallons for adults), stable water parameters, and a protein-rich diet. The intensity of their gold can be influenced by diet and lighting.

Green Arowana (Scleropages formosus)

While less flashy than the Reds or Golds, the Green Arowana possesses a subtle, elegant charm with its greenish-silver body and hints of blue. They are generally more affordable and often considered a good entry point into Asian arowana keeping.

Don’t let their “beginner” status fool you; they still grow large (up to 2 feet) and require significant tank space and diligent care. They are a robust choice for those seeking the classic Asian arowana form.

South American Arowanas: The Giants of the Amazon

From the mighty Amazon basin come the South American arowanas, known for their impressive size and somewhat different body shape compared to their Asian cousins. They are generally more readily available and less regulated.

Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)

The Silver Arowana is arguably the most common arowana in the hobby. Its striking metallic silver scales and elongated body make it an instant eye-catcher. These fish are jumpers, so a tightly secured lid is non-negotiable.

They are also *huge*, easily reaching 3-4 feet in length in a proper setup. A tank of 250-500+ gallons is the absolute minimum for an adult. They are robust and can tolerate a wider range of water parameters than Asian varieties, making them a great choice if you have the space.

Black Arowana (Osteoglossum ferreirai)

Closely related to the Silver, the Black Arowana is a true marvel, especially as a juvenile. Young Black Arowanas are strikingly dark with a vibrant yellow or orange stripe. As they mature, their coloration lightens to a dark silver or grey, losing the prominent stripe.

They grow to a similar size as Silvers (2.5-3 feet) and share similar care requirements. They are a bit more sensitive to water quality fluctuations than Silvers, so maintaining pristine conditions is crucial for their health and vibrant coloration.

Australian Arowanas: The Outback’s Unique Dragons

Australia offers its own distinct arowana species, often called “Saratoga” or “Jardini.” These fish have a more robust, stocky build and can be quite territorial.

Jardini Arowana (Scleropages jardinii)

Also known as the Northern Saratoga, the Jardini Arowana boasts beautiful iridescent spots on its scales, ranging from red to gold. They typically grow to about 2 feet, making them slightly smaller than the Silver Arowana but still requiring a substantial tank (180+ gallons).

Jardinis are known for their strong personality and can be quite aggressive, especially towards other fish. Careful consideration of tank mates is essential. They are hardy and adaptable to various water conditions.

Choosing Your Perfect Arowana Fish Variety: A Guide for Success

Now that you’ve glimpsed the incredible diversity, how do you pick the right arowana fish variety for you? This decision is a big one, and it’s all about matching the fish’s needs with what you can realistically provide. Let’s go through some essential considerations to help you make an informed choice.

Factors to Consider Before Buying

Before you even think about bringing an arowana home, take a moment to honestly assess your resources and commitment. These aren’t temporary pets; they’re long-term companions.

  • Tank Size: This is non-negotiable. Arowanas grow large, *very* large. A juvenile arowana might fit into a 75-gallon tank for a few months, but it will quickly outgrow it. For most adult arowanas, you’re looking at a minimum of 180-300 gallons, and often much more (500+ gallons for Silvers). Ensure you have the space and structural support for such a massive setup.
  • Budget: The initial cost of an arowana can range from tens to thousands of dollars, depending on the species and rarity. But don’t forget the ongoing costs: a massive tank, powerful filtration, heating, lighting, and a substantial diet. This is a significant investment.
  • Experience Level: While some varieties like the Silver or Green Arowana are more forgiving, all arowanas require consistent, high-quality care. If you’re a complete beginner to large fish keeping, do extensive research and be prepared for the commitment. Asian arowanas, in particular, often require a higher level of expertise due to their sensitivity and value.
  • Local Regulations and Ethics: For Asian arowanas, always ensure they come with CITES documentation. This ensures legal and ethical sourcing. Consider captive-bred options whenever possible for all species to support sustainable practices.
  • Temperament: Think about your desired tank environment. Some arowanas are more solitary (most Asian varieties), while others can be quite aggressive (Jardini). This will impact potential tank mates.

Where to Find Healthy Arowanas

Sourcing your arowana from a reputable dealer or breeder is paramount. A healthy start means a better chance at long-term success. Look for stores that specialize in large or exotic fish, or well-regarded online breeders with excellent reviews.

When selecting a fish, observe it carefully:

  • Activity: It should be alert and actively swimming, not listless or hiding excessively.
  • Appearance: Look for clear eyes, intact fins, and no visible signs of injury, parasites (like ich spots), or abnormal growths. Scales should be smooth and even.
  • Breathing: Gills should be moving rhythmically, not rapidly or labored.
  • Tank Conditions: The store’s tanks should be clean and well-maintained. This is a good indicator of their overall care standards.

Arowana Fish Variety Care Guide: Best Practices for Thriving Dragons

Once you’ve chosen your magnificent arowana fish variety, the real adventure begins: providing it with an environment where it can truly flourish. This section will delve into the core principles of arowana care, offering arowana fish variety best practices that will keep your dragon fish happy and healthy for years to come.

Setting Up the Ideal Arowana Habitat

Arowanas are powerful, active fish that need plenty of space and specific conditions to thrive. Think big, think stable, and think secure!

Tank Size and Setup

As we discussed, tank size is critical. For adult Silver or Black Arowanas, a tank that is at least 8 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 2.5 feet deep (approx. 500 gallons) is ideal. Asian arowanas can often do well in 6-8 foot long tanks (180-300 gallons), but bigger is always better.

  • Lid Security: Arowanas are incredible jumpers. A heavy, tightly fitting lid with no gaps is an absolute must. Many experienced keepers even weigh down their lids.
  • Substrate: Fine sand or smooth, rounded gravel is best. Arowanas don’t typically dig, but rough substrates can injure their delicate barbels if they rub against them.
  • Decor: Keep it minimal and functional. Smooth rocks, driftwood, or large, sturdy artificial plants can provide visual breaks and enrichment. Ensure everything is securely placed and has no sharp edges that could injure your fish. Leave plenty of open swimming space.
  • Lighting: Standard aquarium lighting is usually sufficient. Some keepers use specialized lights to enhance the coloration of Asian arowanas.

Water Parameters

Maintaining pristine and stable water quality is the cornerstone of arowana health. These fish are sensitive to fluctuations and poor conditions.

  • Temperature: Generally, 75-82°F (24-28°C) is suitable for most arowanas. Use reliable heaters with guards to prevent burns.
  • pH: Most arowanas prefer slightly acidic to neutral water (pH 6.5-7.5). Asian arowanas often thrive in the lower end of this range (6.0-7.0), while South American species are more adaptable. Consistency is more important than hitting an exact number.
  • Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water (dH 2-10) is typically preferred.
  • Filtration: You cannot over-filter an arowana tank. Use multiple powerful filters (canister, sump, or large hang-on-back filters) to handle their significant bioload.
  • Water Changes: Regular, large water changes are essential – typically 30-50% weekly or bi-weekly, depending on your tank size and filtration. Always use a good quality water conditioner.

Diet and Feeding

Arowanas are carnivorous predators with hearty appetites. A varied, high-quality diet is crucial for their growth and vibrant health.

  • Staple Diet: High-quality arowana pellets or sticks should form the base of their diet. These are formulated to provide essential nutrients.
  • Variety is Key: Supplement pellets with a range of protein-rich foods. Good options include frozen shrimp, krill, silversides, earthworms, and high-quality live insects (crickets, superworms).
  • Avoid Feeder Fish: While arowanas love live fish, feeder fish often carry diseases and parasites that can harm your arowana. If you must feed live fish, quarantine them thoroughly beforehand. It’s generally safer to stick to invertebrates.
  • Feeding Frequency: Juveniles should be fed 2-3 times a day, while adults typically do well with once-a-day or even every-other-day feedings. Avoid overfeeding, which can lead to digestive issues and poor water quality.

Social Behavior and Tank Mates

Arowanas are generally solitary fish and can be aggressive towards conspecifics and smaller tank mates. Choosing appropriate tank mates requires careful planning.

If you wish to keep them with other fish, select large, robust species that can hold their own and won’t fit into the arowana’s mouth. Good candidates include large plecos, stingrays (if your tank setup allows), large datnoids, oscars, or certain large cichlids. Always introduce tank mates cautiously and monitor interactions.

Common Problems with Arowana Fish Variety and How to Solve Them

Even with the best intentions, you might encounter some challenges when keeping an arowana fish variety. Being prepared for common problems with arowana fish variety and knowing how to address them is part of being a responsible aquarist. Here are some of the most frequent issues.

Health Issues

Many arowana health problems stem from poor water quality, inadequate diet, or stress. Prevention is always better than cure!

  • Droop Eye (DE): This condition, where one or both eyes appear to “droop” downwards, is common in arowanas. While its exact cause is debated, factors include a high-fat diet, looking down for food (if kept in a tank with dark substrate and bottom feeders), lack of surface activity, and even genetics.

    Prevention & Treatment: Feed a varied, lean diet. Encourage surface feeding with floating foods. Some hobbyists use a white bottom tank or even place a floating ping-pong ball to encourage upward gaze. Providing strong water flow can also encourage swimming against the current, potentially helping eye muscles.

  • Fin Rot: Ragged, deteriorating fins are often a sign of poor water quality or bacterial infection.

    Prevention & Treatment: Maintain impeccable water quality through regular water changes and robust filtration. If detected early, improved water conditions can often reverse it. Severe cases may require antibacterial medication.

  • Stress & Jumping: Arowanas can become stressed by sudden changes, bright lights, loud noises, or aggressive tank mates. This stress often manifests as frantic swimming or jumping.

    Prevention & Treatment: Ensure a secure lid! Maintain a stable environment, avoid sudden changes, and provide plenty of open swimming space. Minimize external disturbances around the tank.

  • Aggression: While a personality trait, excessive aggression towards tank mates can be a problem.

    Prevention & Treatment: Ensure the tank is large enough to diffuse aggression. Choose tank mates carefully, opting for species that are too large to be seen as prey and can defend themselves. Sometimes, rearranging decor can break up territories.

Environmental Challenges

Maintaining the perfect environment for a large, sensitive fish like an arowana requires vigilance.

  • Water Parameter Instability: Fluctuations in pH, temperature, or ammonia/nitrite levels can quickly sicken an arowana.

    Prevention & Treatment: Regular testing is crucial. Perform routine, consistent water changes. Ensure heaters are reliable and filtration is sufficient for the bioload. Never make drastic changes to water parameters.

  • Power Outages: A loss of power can be devastating, leading to temperature drops and loss of filtration.

    Prevention & Treatment: Have a battery-powered air pump and a backup heater (or method to maintain temperature) on hand. Consider a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) for critical equipment if outages are frequent in your area.

Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Arowana Fish Variety Practices

As responsible aquarists, we have a role to play in protecting the natural world. Embracing sustainable arowana fish variety and eco-friendly arowana fish variety practices ensures the long-term health of both our hobby and the planet.

Responsible Sourcing

The biggest impact you can make is through your purchasing decisions.

  • Opt for Captive-Bred: Whenever possible, choose captive-bred arowanas. This reduces pressure on wild populations, especially for species like Asian arowanas that are endangered in the wild.
  • Verify CITES Documentation: If purchasing an Asian arowana, insist on seeing its CITES certificate. This proves it was legally and sustainably traded.
  • Avoid Wild-Caught (When Possible): For species not under CITES protection, consider the impact of wild collection. A reputable dealer should be able to provide information on their sourcing.

Minimizing Environmental Impact

Beyond sourcing, our daily aquarium practices can also contribute to a healthier planet.

  • Energy Efficiency: Invest in energy-efficient heaters, pumps, and lighting. Look for products with good energy ratings.
  • Water Conservation: While large water changes are essential, consider using the old aquarium water for gardening. It’s rich in nutrients that plants love!
  • Responsible Waste Disposal: Dispose of expired medications, chemicals, and filter media properly according to local guidelines. Never flush them down the drain.
  • Sustainable Food Choices: Consider the environmental impact of your arowana’s diet. Opt for commercially farmed insects or sustainably harvested frozen foods over potentially overfished wild-caught options.

Frequently Asked Questions About Arowana Fish Variety

It’s natural to have plenty of questions about these magnificent fish. Here are some common queries about arowana fish variety that new and intermediate aquarists often ask.

How big do Arowanas get?

This varies significantly by species. Silver Arowanas can reach 3-4 feet (90-120 cm). Black Arowanas are slightly smaller at 2.5-3 feet (75-90 cm). Asian Arowanas typically grow to 2-3 feet (60-90 cm), while Jardini Arowanas usually max out around 2 feet (60 cm).

What do Arowanas eat?

Arowanas are carnivorous. Their diet should consist of high-quality arowana pellets or sticks, supplemented with a variety of protein-rich foods like frozen shrimp, krill, earthworms, and feeder insects (crickets, superworms). Avoid relying heavily on feeder fish due to disease risk.

Can Arowanas live with other fish?

Generally, arowanas are solitary and can be aggressive. If kept with tank mates, they need to be large, robust, and fast enough to avoid being eaten or bullied. Good options for very large tanks include large plecos, stingrays (with proper setup), datnoids, or large cichlids. Always introduce cautiously and monitor interactions.

How long do Arowanas live?

With proper care, arowanas can live for a very long time! Silver Arowanas can live 10-15 years or more. Asian Arowanas, due to their higher value and dedicated care, can often live 15-20 years, with some reported to live even longer.

Are Arowanas hard to care for?

Arowanas are not necessarily “hard” to care for, but they require a significant commitment. Their primary needs are a very large tank, pristine water quality, a high-quality varied diet, and a secure lid. If you can provide these consistently, you’ll find them rewarding to keep. Asian arowanas are generally considered more sensitive and demanding than South American or Australian varieties.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve navigated the captivating world of arowana fish variety, from the fiery reds of Asia to the shimmering silvers of the Amazon. We’ve explored the unique characteristics of each type, delved into the essential care requirements, and even touched upon addressing common challenges and practicing sustainable aquarium keeping. Choosing and caring for an arowana is undoubtedly a significant undertaking, demanding dedication, research, and a substantial commitment of space and resources.

But for those who embrace the challenge, the rewards are immeasurable. Witnessing the majestic grace of an arowana as it glides through its habitat, its scales catching the light, is an experience unlike

Howard Parker
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