Are Arowana Fish – The Ultimate Guide To Thriving Aquatic Giants

Written ByHoward Parker

Ever gazed at the majestic, shimmering form of an Arowana fish and felt a mix of awe and intimidation? You’re not alone! Many aquarists dream of keeping these magnificent “dragon fish” but worry about the complexities involved. Perhaps you’ve heard they’re demanding or require immense commitment, leaving you wondering if a truly thriving Arowana is within reach.

Well, here’s the good news: with the right knowledge and a bit of dedication, you absolutely can provide a wonderful home for one of the aquarium world’s most iconic inhabitants. This comprehensive guide will demystify the process, offering you clear, actionable steps to ensure your Arowana not only survives but truly flourishes. We’ll cover everything from initial setup and feeding to preventing common issues and even exploring sustainable keeping practices. By the end, you’ll have all the expert insights you need to confidently welcome and care for these incredible fish.

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Understanding Arowana Fish: Majestic Aquatic Jewels

Arowana fish, often called “dragon fish” due to their large, iridescent scales and flowing fins, are truly a sight to behold. These ancient predators belong to the family Osteoglossidae and are native to various freshwater systems across South America, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Their striking appearance, coupled with their unique swimming style and impressive size, makes them a centerpiece in any serious aquarist’s collection.

There are several popular species, each with its own charm. The Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is common in the hobby, known for its silvery scales and impressive leap. Asian Arowanas (Scleropages formosus) come in a dazzling array of colors, from vibrant reds to shimmering golds, and are highly prized—though often subject to strict trade regulations due to their endangered status. Australian Arowanas (Scleropages jardinii and Scleropages leichardti) also offer unique patterns.

Choosing to keep an Arowana is a commitment to grandeur. Their intelligence and distinctive personality make them incredibly engaging pets. They’re not just fish; they’re living jewels that bring a dynamic presence to your aquatic world.

Are Arowana Fish Right for Your Aquarium? Considerations Before You Dive In

Before you bring home one of these magnificent creatures, it’s crucial to honestly assess if you can meet their specific needs. This isn’t just about tank size; it’s about a long-term commitment to their well-being. Understanding these factors is the first step in providing the best possible home.

The Commitment of Keeping Arowanas

Arowanas are long-lived fish, often reaching 10-20 years with proper care. This means you’re committing to over a decade of dedication. Their rapid growth and eventual size demand significant resources, both in terms of space and ongoing maintenance. Consider your future plans—will you still have the capacity to house a very large fish in five or ten years?

Space Requirements: Tank Size is Non-Negotiable

This is perhaps the most critical factor. Adult Arowanas can grow incredibly large, with some species exceeding 3 feet (90 cm) in length. A common misconception is that they will only grow to the size of their tank—this is false and leads to stunted growth, poor health, and a shortened lifespan.

For a single Silver Arowana, a minimum tank size of 250 gallons (around 950 liters) is generally recommended, with 300-400 gallons being even better for optimal health and comfort. Asian Arowanas might tolerate slightly smaller tanks (180-200 gallons) as adults, but still require significant swimming space. Remember, bigger is always better when it comes to these active fish.

The tank should also be wider than it is deep, to allow ample turning space, and have a secure, heavy lid. Arowanas are notorious jumpers!

Financial Investment: More Than Just the Fish

The cost of the fish itself is just the beginning. You’ll need to invest in a large, sturdy aquarium, powerful filtration, a reliable heater, and ongoing expenses for food and electricity. Factor in potential veterinary care for specialized issues. While the benefits of are arowana fish are immense, they come with a price tag that reflects their status as high-end aquatic pets.

Setting Up the Perfect Home: Your Arowana Fish Care Guide

Once you’ve decided an Arowana is for you, preparing their habitat is paramount. A meticulously set up tank will mitigate many common problems with are arowana fish and ensure a smooth transition for your new companion. This section is your essential are arowana fish guide to creating an ideal environment.

Choosing the Right Aquarium

As discussed, size is king. For a juvenile Arowana, you might start with a 75-125 gallon tank, but be prepared to upgrade rapidly. A 6-foot long, 2-foot wide, and 2-foot deep tank is a good starting point for many species, but larger dimensions are ideal for adult specimens.

The tank should be made of thick glass or acrylic, capable of holding hundreds of gallons of water. A robust stand is also essential to support the immense weight.

Filtration: The Heart of a Healthy Arowana Tank

Arowanas are messy eaters and produce a lot of waste, so powerful filtration is critical. You’ll need a multi-faceted approach:

  • Mechanical Filtration: Removes physical debris (uneaten food, waste). Canister filters with fine filter floss are excellent.
  • Biological Filtration: Converts harmful ammonia and nitrites into less toxic nitrates. Ceramic rings, bio-balls, or sponges provide surface area for beneficial bacteria. Sump filters are often preferred for very large Arowana tanks due to their capacity.
  • Chemical Filtration: Activated carbon can remove odors and discoloration, but should be used sparingly and replaced regularly.

Aim for a filter system that can turn over the tank’s water volume at least 5-10 times per hour. Redundancy (multiple filters) is a wise investment.

Heating and Lighting

Arowanas are tropical fish and require stable water temperatures. Install multiple submersible heaters to maintain a consistent temperature between 75-82°F (24-28°C). Using two smaller heaters is safer than one large one, as a single failure won’t cause a drastic temperature drop.

Lighting should be moderate. While Arowanas appreciate a day-night cycle, overly bright or prolonged lighting can stress them. A standard LED or fluorescent fixture for 8-10 hours a day is usually sufficient to highlight their colors and support any live plants you might have.

Substrate and Decor: Safety First!

Choose a substrate that is fine and smooth, like sand or very fine gravel, to prevent injury to their sensitive barbels if they forage near the bottom. Avoid sharp rocks or coarse gravel.

Decorations should be minimal, smooth, and securely anchored. Large pieces of driftwood or smooth river rocks can provide enrichment and hiding spots, but ensure they don’t impede swimming space or pose a risk of falling. Arowanas are powerful swimmers and can easily dislodge unstable decorations. Remember, a clean, open swimming space is more important than a heavily decorated tank for these fish.

Always cycle your tank completely before introducing your Arowana. This crucial step establishes the beneficial bacteria needed for the nitrogen cycle, preventing ammonia and nitrite spikes that are deadly to fish.

Water Parameters and Quality: The Foundation of Arowana Health

Maintaining pristine water quality is non-negotiable for Arowanas. These fish are sensitive to fluctuations and poor conditions, making consistent monitoring and maintenance essential for their long-term health. This is a core part of any effective are arowana fish care guide.

Ideal Water Parameters

While specific needs vary slightly by species, most Arowanas thrive in:

  • Temperature: 75-82°F (24-28°C). Consistency is key.
  • pH: Slightly acidic to neutral, typically 6.0-7.5. Avoid extreme swings.
  • Hardness (GH/KH): Soft to moderately hard water, around 2-10 dGH.

Invest in reliable liquid test kits for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH. Test your water regularly, especially during the initial cycling phase and whenever you notice behavioral changes in your fish.

Water Changes: Your Best Defense

Regular, significant water changes are the most effective way to maintain water quality. For a large Arowana tank, aim for 25-50% water changes weekly. For very large setups with heavy bioloads, you might even consider doing 20-30% twice a week. Always use a dechlorinator for tap water.

Siphon out detritus from the substrate during water changes. This removes uneaten food and waste before it can break down and pollute the water. Consistent water changes dilute nitrates and replenish essential minerals, which are crucial are arowana fish best practices.

Oxygenation

Arowanas require well-oxygenated water. Ensure your filtration system provides good surface agitation, or consider adding an air stone or powerhead to increase dissolved oxygen levels, especially in very large tanks.

Feeding Your Arowana: A Balanced Diet for Growth and Vibrancy

A proper diet is fundamental to the health, growth, and vibrant coloration of your Arowana. As predatory fish, their natural diet consists of insects, smaller fish, and even small amphibians or reptiles. Replicating this in captivity requires a varied and nutritious feeding regimen. Here are some essential are arowana fish tips for their diet.

Variety is Key

Don’t stick to just one type of food. A diverse diet ensures your Arowana receives all necessary nutrients. Good options include:

  • High-Quality Pellets/Sticks: Specially formulated Arowana pellets should form the base of their diet. Look for brands with high protein content.
  • Frozen Foods: Mysis shrimp, krill, bloodworms, silversides, and chopped fish fillets (e.g., tilapia, salmon, cod) are excellent sources of protein and essential fatty acids. Thaw thoroughly before feeding.
  • Live Foods (with caution): While live feeder fish are tempting, they carry a risk of introducing diseases and parasites. If you choose to feed live fish, quarantine them first. Insects like crickets, mealworms, and superworms (gut-loaded) are safer live options and mimic their natural diet more closely.

Avoid feeding fatty meats like beef heart or chicken too often, as these can lead to digestive issues and internal fat deposits over time.

Feeding Frequency and Portions

Juvenile Arowanas should be fed 2-3 times a day, small portions they can consume within a few minutes. As they grow, reduce frequency to once a day or even every other day for large adults. Overfeeding leads to water quality issues and can cause obesity in your fish.

Observe your Arowana’s body condition. A healthy Arowana should have a sleek, muscular body, not a bulging belly. Adjust feeding amounts based on their activity level and growth rate.

Preventing “Dropeye”

One common issue, particularly in Silver Arowanas, is “dropeye,” where one or both eyes droop downwards. While the exact cause is debated, it’s often attributed to Arowanas constantly looking down for food at the bottom of the tank, especially if fed sinking foods or kept in tanks with a dark bottom. To help prevent this:

  • Feed mostly floating foods.
  • Use a light-colored substrate.
  • Consider placing a floating object (like a ping-pong ball) in the tank to encourage them to look up.

Tank Mates for Arowana Fish: Choosing Companions Wisely

Arowanas are apex predators, and while some species can tolerate tank mates, careful consideration is required. Incorrect tank mates are a leading cause of stress, injury, and even death for your Arowana or its companions. Understanding how to are arowana fish in a community setting is crucial.

Solitary vs. Community

Many aquarists choose to keep Arowanas as solitary specimens, especially if they are the primary focus of a large display tank. This eliminates any risk of aggression or competition. However, with very large tanks and careful selection, some Arowanas can be housed with other appropriately sized fish.

Compatible Tank Mates

If you decide to add tank mates, they must meet specific criteria:

  • Size: Tank mates should be either too large to be considered food by the Arowana (e.g., 2/3 the Arowana’s size or larger) or too fast and agile to be caught. Avoid anything small enough to fit in the Arowana’s mouth.
  • Temperament: Choose peaceful, non-aggressive species that won’t nip fins or compete directly for food.
  • Swimming Level: Fish that occupy different levels of the water column (e.g., bottom dwellers or mid-water swimmers) can reduce competition for space.

Good potential tank mates include:

  • Large South American Cichlids (e.g., Oscar fish, Green Terrors, though caution is needed with aggression).
  • Large Catfish (e.g., Plecos, Pictus Catfish, though ensure they don’t attach to the Arowana).
  • Datnoids, Pacu, Parrot Cichlids.
  • Other large, peaceful schooling fish like Silver Dollars or Tinfoil Barbs (if they are large enough).

Incompatible Tank Mates

Avoid:

  • Small fish that can be eaten.
  • Aggressive or fin-nipping fish that will stress or injure your Arowana.
  • Slow-moving or timid fish that will be outcompeted for food.
  • Any fish that can inflict significant damage on your Arowana.

Always introduce tank mates carefully and monitor interactions closely. Be prepared to separate fish if aggression becomes an issue. This is one of the most important are arowana fish tips for maintaining peace in your aquarium.

Common Problems with Are Arowana Fish & How to Solve Them

Even with the best care, sometimes issues arise. Knowing how to identify and address common problems with are arowana fish quickly can make all the difference in their recovery. Early detection is key!

Dropeye

As mentioned, dropeye is a common cosmetic issue. While not life-threatening, it can detract from the fish’s appearance. Prevention is better than cure. If it occurs, ensure floating foods are primary, and consider placing a floating ping-pong ball or a brightly colored toy at the surface to encourage upward gaze.

Fin Rot and Fungal Infections

Often caused by poor water quality or stress, these manifest as frayed fins or cotton-like growths.

Solution: Immediately perform a large water change, improve filtration, and ensure proper water parameters. Over-the-counter anti-bacterial or anti-fungal medications can be used, but always address the root cause.

Ich (White Spot Disease)

Small white spots resembling salt grains on the body and fins. Highly contagious and often caused by stress or rapid temperature changes.

Solution: Slowly raise the tank temperature to 82-86°F (28-30°C) over 24 hours (ensure good oxygenation at higher temps), add aquarium salt, and use an Ich medication. Continue treatment for several days after spots disappear to kill lingering parasites.

Bacterial Infections (e.g., Cloudy Eyes, Body Sores)

Can result from injury, poor water, or stress. Cloudy eyes, red sores, or slimy patches are symptoms.

Solution: Isolate if possible, improve water quality drastically, and treat with broad-spectrum antibacterial medication. Maintaining a clean environment is the best preventative measure.

Aggression and Stress

Arowanas can be territorial. Signs of stress include clamped fins, erratic swimming, refusal to eat, or hiding constantly. Aggression might manifest as chasing, nipping, or outright attacking tank mates.

Solution: Review tank mate compatibility and tank size. Ensure ample hiding spots and line of sight breaks. If aggression is severe, consider rehoming tank mates or the Arowana itself. A peaceful environment is crucial for your Arowana’s mental and physical health.

Sustainable Arowana Fish Keeping: Best Practices for an Eco-Friendly Hobby

As responsible aquarists, we have a role to play in protecting aquatic ecosystems. This means adopting sustainable are arowana fish practices, ensuring our hobby doesn’t harm wild populations or the environment. These are not just tips; they are ethical guidelines for every Arowana keeper.

Sourcing Your Arowana Responsibly

The most impactful choice you can make is where you acquire your fish. Always opt for captive-bred Arowanas from reputable breeders or suppliers. Wild-caught Arowanas, especially Asian species, often come from unsustainable practices, contributing to population decline and habitat destruction. Many Asian Arowana species are also CITES-listed (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), meaning their trade is highly regulated to prevent over-exploitation.

Ask your local fish store or breeder about the origin of their Arowanas. A trustworthy source will be transparent and provide documentation for CITES-listed species.

Reducing Your Environmental Footprint

Large aquariums consume significant energy for heating, filtration, and lighting. Consider energy-efficient equipment where possible. Look for high-efficiency heaters and LED lighting. Proper insulation around your tank can also reduce heat loss.

When performing water changes, consider how you dispose of the old water. If it’s free of medications, it can often be used to water non-edible plants, recycling some of its nutrient content. Avoid flushing medications or chemicals down the drain.

Responsible Rehoming and Lifespan Planning

Given their long lifespan and large size, it’s vital to plan for the entire life of your Arowana. If circumstances change and you can no longer care for your fish, never release it into the wild. This can introduce invasive species and diseases, devastating local ecosystems. Instead, seek out reputable rehoming programs, other experienced aquarists, or local fish clubs that can provide an appropriate home. This is a core tenet of eco-friendly are arowana fish keeping.

Advanced Are Arowana Fish Tips for Experienced Keepers

Once you’ve mastered the basics, you might be looking for ways to further enhance your Arowana’s environment and well-being. These advanced are arowana fish tips delve into optimizing their long-term care and even exploring specialized aspects of the hobby.

Optimizing Filtration Beyond the Basics

For truly large Arowana setups, consider a dedicated sump system. Sumps offer vastly superior biological filtration capacity, allow for easier maintenance (like adding chemical media), and can hide heaters and pumps, keeping the display tank pristine. You can also integrate an UV sterilizer into your sump to help control algae and free-floating pathogens.

Dietary Enrichment and Gut-Loading

Beyond varied foods, ensure any live insects you feed are “gut-loaded.” This means feeding the insects a nutritious diet (e.g., fresh vegetables, specialized insect food) for 24-48 hours before feeding them to your Arowana. This transfers those essential nutrients directly to your fish, making the live food even more beneficial.

Behavioral Enrichment

Arowanas are intelligent and can get bored. While open swimming space is crucial, strategically placed, smooth driftwood or large, round river stones can provide visual breaks and mild stimulation. You can also vary feeding locations or introduce safe, floating toys (like a clean ping-pong ball) to encourage natural curiosity and reduce the risk of dropeye.

Long-Term Health Monitoring

Keep a detailed log of water parameters, feeding habits, and any changes in your Arowana’s behavior or appearance. This meticulous record-keeping helps you identify patterns and catch potential issues early. Regular preventative treatments (e.g., deworming for fish fed live foods) can also be discussed with a specialized aquatic veterinarian.

Benefits of Are Arowana Fish: Why They’re Worth the Effort

After all the talk of tank size, filtration, and meticulous care, you might wonder if it’s truly worth it. The answer for countless aquarists is a resounding yes! The benefits of are arowana fish are profound and deeply rewarding, making them one of the most sought-after aquatic pets.

Unparalleled Beauty and Presence

There’s simply no denying the sheer visual impact of an Arowana. Their iridescent scales shimmer like polished metal, reflecting light in a dazzling display. Their graceful, powerful swimming, coupled with their ancient, majestic appearance, makes them a living work of art in your home. They command attention and become an undeniable focal point.

Engaging Personalities

Arowanas are not just pretty faces; they possess distinct personalities. Many keepers report their Arowanas recognizing them, coming to the front of the tank during feeding times, and even showing curiosity towards activities outside the aquarium. This level of interaction creates a unique bond, transforming them from mere pets into genuine companions.

A Symbol of Luck and Prosperity

In many Asian cultures, Arowanas (particularly Asian Arowanas) are revered as symbols of good luck, wealth, and prosperity. Their resemblance to ancient dragons further enhances their mythical status. Keeping an Arowana is believed to bring positive energy and fortune into the home, adding a cultural richness to the hobby.

The Challenge and Reward of Advanced Aquarism

Successfully keeping an Arowana is a testament to an aquarist’s skill and dedication. It requires a significant investment of time, resources, and knowledge. The satisfaction of seeing a healthy, thriving Arowana, growing to its full potential under your care, is immensely rewarding. It pushes you to learn, grow, and become a more adept and responsible fish keeper.

Frequently Asked Questions About Arowana Fish

How big do Arowana fish get?

The size varies by species. Silver Arowanas (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) are among the largest, often reaching 3 feet (90 cm) or more in captivity. Asian Arowanas (Scleropages formosus) typically grow to 2-3 feet (60-90 cm). It’s crucial to research the specific species you’re interested in.

How long do Arowana fish live?

With proper care, Arowanas are long-lived fish. Many species can live for 10-15 years, and some even up to 20 years or more. Their longevity is a testament to the commitment required from their keepers.

Are Arowana fish aggressive?

Arowanas are predatory and can be territorial, especially towards their own kind or fish of similar size and shape. While they can be housed with appropriate tank mates in very large aquariums, they are not typically considered “community fish” in the traditional sense and require careful consideration of companions.

Can Arowana fish be kept in a community tank?

Yes, but only under specific conditions. Arowanas need a very large tank (300+ gallons for many species) with tank mates that are either too large to be eaten or too fast and agile to be caught. They should also be peaceful species that occupy different parts of the water column. Careful monitoring is always necessary.

What is “dropeye” and how can I prevent it?

“Dropeye” is a condition where one or both of an Arowana’s eyes droop downwards. While not life-threatening, it’s a cosmetic issue. It’s often linked to the fish constantly looking down for food or at objects on the tank bottom. Prevention involves feeding mostly floating foods, using a light-colored substrate, and potentially adding a floating object to encourage upward gaze.

Conclusion

Caring for Arowana fish is undoubtedly a significant undertaking, but the rewards are truly unparalleled. From the initial excitement of setting up their vast domain to the daily joy of observing their majestic presence and unique personality, every step of the journey is deeply enriching. We’ve explored everything from tank requirements and diet to preventing common ailments and embracing sustainable practices, giving you a comprehensive toolkit for success.

Remember, patience, consistent care, and a commitment to providing an optimal environment are your greatest assets. By following these are arowana fish best practices, you’re not just keeping a fish; you’re nurturing a magnificent aquatic giant, a living jewel that will bring years of wonder to your home. So, dive in with confidence, embrace the challenge, and prepare to be captivated by the incredible world of Arowanas. Your aquatic adventure awaits!

Howard Parker
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